Buying land in Nigeria can be one of the most rewarding investments but only if done right. With increasing cases of land fraud and disputes, it’s essential to understand the legal process of land ownership in Nigeria.
1. The Legal Framework
The Land Use Act of 1978 is the foundation of land ownership in Nigeria. It vests all land in each state under the control of the state governor, who holds it in trust for the people.
2. What Documents Prove Land Ownership?
To legally own land in Nigeria, you should ensure that the following documents are properly verified and obtained:
Certificate of Occupancy (C of O): Official proof of land allocation from the government.
Deed of Assignment: A document that transfers ownership from seller to buyer.
Survey Plan: Shows the exact size and boundaries of the land.
Governor’s Consent: Required by law when transferring an interest in land already covered by a C of O.
3. Avoiding Fraud: Due Diligence Is Key
Before purchasing land, carry out the following:
Conduct a land search at the state land registry.
Confirm the seller’s identity and ownership.
Use a real estate lawyer to review and draft all documents.
4. Customary vs. Statutory Land Ownership
In rural communities, land is often acquired under customary law, but buyers must regularize ownership under statutory law to avoid future issues especially if the land increases in value or is developed commercially.
5. Disputes and Litigation
Land disputes are common and can last for years in court. Having legally recognized documents and engaging a lawyer early can save you years of stress and potential financial loss.
Conclusion: Land ownership in Nigeria is complex, but with proper legal guidance and documentation, you can secure your investment. Always consult a lawyer before making a purchase.
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